Век Вольтера - Уильям Джеймс Дюрант
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«Век Вольтера» — биография великого человека и эпоха, которую он олицетворял. Мы становимся свидетелями сатирических выступлений Вольтера в салонах и театре, а также его изгнания в Англию. Вместе с ним мы исследуем сложные взаимоотношения между дворянством, духовенством, буржуазией и крестьянством во Франции времен Людовика XV. Мы исследуем музыку Баха и борьбу между Фридрихом Великим и Марией Терезией Австрийской. И, наконец, мы слышим воображаемую дискуссию между Вольтером и папой Бенедиктом XIV о значении и ценности религии.
52. Enc. Brit., XXIII, 576.
53. Lecky, II, 565.
54. Ibid.
55. 563.
56. 591–94; Lecky, History of European Rationalism, I, 45.
57. Turberville, Johnson’s England, I, 221.
58. Wesley, Journal for 1739, in Lecky, History of England, II, 584.
59. Ibid., 583.
60. 590.
61. 636; Toynbee, Study of History, IX, 459–60.
62. McConnell, 48.
63. Ibid., 66.
64. Wesley, Journal, entry for Mar. 30, 1736.
65. World Christian Handbook, 5.
66. Journal for Jan. 1, 1790.
67. Shaftesbury, 3d Earl of, Characteristics, I, 260.
68. Mandeville, Fable of the Bees, 83–85.
69. Hutcheson, F., Inquiry concerning Moral Good and Evil, in Enc. Brit., XI, 945c.
70. Buckle, II, 334.
71. Ibid., 336.
72. Hume, D., Dialogues concerning Natural Religion, 4.
73. Huxley, T. H., Hume, 3.
74. Ibid., 6.
75. Mossner, Life of Hume, 51.
76. Huxley, 6.
77. «My Own Life,» in Hume, Dialogues concerning Natural Religion, 233.
78. Mossner, 82.
79. Ibid., 94.
80. III.
81. Hume, Treatise of Human Nature, Book I, Part II, Sec. 5.
82. Ibid., I, II, I.
83. I, III, 10 and 7.
84. I, IV, 2 and 6.
85. I, IV, I.
86. Ibid.
87. Appendix.
88. I, IV, I.
89. I, IV, 7.
90. I, IV, 2.
91. I, IV, 1.
92. II, III, 3.
93. Ibid.
94. II, I, 10.
95. II, I, 7.
96. II, I, 8.
97. II, II, II.
98. «My Own Life,» in Hume, Dialogues concerning Natural Religion, p. 234.
99. Mossner, p. 129.
100. Treatise, III, I, Sec. 1.
101. III, II, 2.
102. III, III, 6.
103. Mossner, p. 213.
104. Ibid., 215–18.
105. Hume, Enquiry concerning the Human Understanding, p. 2.
106. Ibid., Part X, Secs. 91–95 and 100–101.
107. XI, 102.
108. Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals, V, I, Secs. 174–75; Appendix II; cf. essay «Of the Dignity and Mean ness of Human Nature.»
109. Enquiry concerning… Morals, IX, I, Sec. 226.
110. Ibid., IV, Sec. 166.
111. «My Own Life,» loc. cit., p. 236.
112. Dialogues concerning Natural Religion, 156.
113. Ibid., 148.
114. 182–83.
115. Essay «On Suicide.»
116. Dialogues, 210.
117. Ibid., 194.
118. 211.
119. 169.
120. 180.
121. 171.
122. 227.
123. 214.
124. Hume, Natural History of Religion, Secs. I, XIII–XV, in Cassirer, E., Philosophy of the Enlightenment, p. 181.
125. Dialogues, introd., xv.
126. Burton, Life of Hume, II, in Lecky, History of England, II, 543.
127. Enquiry concerning… Morals, III, II, Sec. 155.
128. Hume, History of England, IV, p. 480.
129. Hume, Essays Literary, Moral, and Political, 27, 273.
130. Ibid., 161.
131. Essay «Of National Character.»
132. Enquiry concerning the Human Understanding, Part VII, Sec. 65.
133. Essay «Of Commerce.»
134. Essay «Of Civil Liberty.»
135. Essay «Jealousy of Trade.»
136. In Black, Art of History, p. 80.
137. Mossner, 317.
138. Essay «Of the Study of History.»
139. «My Own Life,» loc. cit., 236.
140. In Black, 114.
141. Mossner, 318.
142. «My Own Life,» loc. cit., 236.
143. Ibid., 237.
144. Mossner, 223.
145. Ibid., 318.
146. 444–45.
147. «My Own Life,» loc. cit., 238.
148. Ibid., 239.
149. Enquiry concerning the Human Understanding, Part XI, Sec. 108.
150. Mossner, 568.
151. Adam Smith, letter to Wm. Strahan, Nov. 9, 1776, in Hume, Dialogues, p. 247.
152. Treatise of Human Nature, Book I, Part IV, Sec. 5.
153. Wolf, History of Science, 757.
154. Mossner, 478.
155. Hume, Dialogues, introd., xxx.
156. Mossner, 588.
157. «My Own Life,» loc. cit., 239.
158. Strachey, L., Portraits in Miniature, 151.
159. «My Own Life,» loc. cit., 244.
160. Ibid., 245.
161. Mossner, 598–600.
162. Ibid., 603.
CHAPTER V
1. Sainte-Beuve, Portraits of the 18th Century, I, 132.
2. Buckle, I, 312.
3. Johnson, Lives of the Poets, II, 143.
4. Pope, «Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot,» lines 127–28.
5. Essay on Criticism, lines 214–15.
6. Ibid., line 298.
7. Lines 631–42.
8. 585–87.
9. Stephen, L., Alexander Pope, 45.
10. Rape of the Lock, Canto II, lines 105–9.
11. Ibid., III, 16.
12. v, 85–86.
13. See «Windsor Forest,» lines 41–42.
14. Pope, «Eloïsa to Abelard,» lines 281–92.
15. Ibid., lines 325–28.
16. Stephen, Pope, p. 61.
17. Ibid., 64.
18. Johnson, Lives, II, 161.
19. Stephen, Pope, 64.
20. Ibid., 78.
21. Pope, «Second Epistle of the Second Book of Horace,» lines 68–69, in Collected Poems, p. 305.
22. Thornton, J. C., Table Talk from Ben Jonson to Leigh Hunt, 112.
23. E.g., see Jefferson, Eighteenth-Century Prose, 25.
24. Parton, I, 214.
25. Stephen, Pope, 91.
26. Boston Museum of Fine Arts.
27. London, National Portrait Gallery.
28. Stephen, Pope, 100.
29. See «Farewell to London,» in Poems, 368, and Strachey, Portraits, 14.
30. Garnett and Gosse, English Literature, III, 199.
31. Pope, Dunciad, Book II, lines 75–76, 102–8, 155–56.
32. Ibid., Book IV, lines 471–82.
33. Robertson, J. M., in Shaftesbury, Char acteristics, introd., p. xxv.
34. Collins, Bolingbroke, 158.
35. Stephen, Pope, 166.
36. Essay on Man, Epistle I, lines 1–16.
37. Milton,
