Век Вольтера - Уильям Джеймс Дюрант
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«Век Вольтера» — биография великого человека и эпоха, которую он олицетворял. Мы становимся свидетелями сатирических выступлений Вольтера в салонах и театре, а также его изгнания в Англию. Вместе с ним мы исследуем сложные взаимоотношения между дворянством, духовенством, буржуазией и крестьянством во Франции времен Людовика XV. Мы исследуем музыку Баха и борьбу между Фридрихом Великим и Марией Терезией Австрийской. И, наконец, мы слышим воображаемую дискуссию между Вольтером и папой Бенедиктом XIV о значении и ценности религии.
10. Martin, H., XV, 76.
11. Lang, A., History of Scotland, IV, 226–27.
12. Collins, J. C., Bolingbroke, and Voltaire in England, 117.
13. Churchill, W. S., History of the English-Speaking Peoples, III, 91.
14. Schoenfeld, H., Women of the Teutonic Nations, 275.
15. Quennell, Caroline, 93; Martin, H., XV, 343.
16. Traill, H. D., Social England, V, 139.
17. Walpole, H., Reminiscences, in Letters, introd., cxxx.
18. Walpole, H., Memoires of… the Reign of George II, I, 63.
19. Thackeray, Four Georges, 33.
20. Wharton, G. and P., Wits and Beaux of Society, I, 276.
21. Lecky, History of England, I, 465.
22. Mossner, Bishop Butler and the Age of Reason, 4; Quennell, Caroline, 134.
23. Camb. Mod. History, VI, 77.
24. Voltaire, XIXb, 23.
25. Lecky, I, 520.
26. Quennell, Caroline, 252.
27. Lecky, I, 326; Camb. Mod. History, VI, 181.
28. Macaulay, T., Essays, I, 346.
29. Walpole, Memoires of the Reign of George II, II, 273.
30. Mossner, Bishop Butler, 5.
31. Beard, M., History of the Business Man, 477.
32. Macaulay, Essays, I, 348; Lecky, I, 367–72; Koven, A. de, Horace Walpole and Mme. du Deffand, 13.
33. Lord Hervey in Jefferson, D. W., Eighteenth-Century Prose, 28.
34. Tucker in Lecky, I, 334.
35. Frederick the Great, Mémoires, I, 29.
36. Chesterfield, letter of Dec. 12, 1749.
37. In Lovejoy, Essays, 177.
38. Collins, J. C., Bolingbroke, 166.
39. Camb. History of English Literature, IX, 254.
40. Bolingbroke, On the Spirit of Patriotism, 28.
41. Collins, J. C., 172.
42. Bolingbroke, 128.
43. Hearnshaw, F. J., Social and Political Ideas of Some English Thinkers of the Augustan Age, 215.
44. Ibid.
45. Acton, Lectures, 273.
46. See Camb. Mod. History, VI, 64 f.; Wingfield-Stratford, History of British Civilization, 681; Churchill, III, 101.
47. Lecky, I, 385n.; Burke, Letters on a Regicide Peace, in Reflections on the French Revolution.
48. Altamira, R., History of Spain, 435.
49. Enc. Brit., XX, 779c.
50. In Lecky, I, 394.
51. Ibid., 291.
52. Ibid.
53. 239.
54. 241.
55. Mantoux, Industrial Revolution, 87.
56. Swift, Jonathan, Short View of the State of Ireland, in Lecky, II, 208.
57. Lecky, II, 424.
58. Camb. Mod. History, VI, 485.
59. D’Alton, E. A., History of Ireland, IV, 531.
60. Lecky, II, 199.
61. D’Alton, IV, 472–73.
62. Lecky, II, 217.
63. Ibid.
64. Mossner, Life of Hume, 234.
65. Lecky, II, 83.
66. Trevelyan, English Social History, 444.
67. Robertson, J. M., Short History of Freethought, II, 168.
68. Traill, Social England, V, 159.
69. Lang, A., History of Scotland, IV, 425–27.
70. Ibid., 449.
71. 451.
72. Voltaire, Age of Louis XV, II, 14.
73. Lang, A., IV, 512.
74. Camb. Mod. History, VI, 117.
75. Lang, A., IV, 519.
76. Enc. Brit., IV., 292d.
77. Voltaire, Age of Louis XV, II, 44.
78. Frederick, Mémoires, I, 191.
79. Wingfield-Stratford, 682.
80. Lecky, II, 479–80.
81. Ibid., 476.
82. Churchill, III, 112.
CHAPTER IV
1. Pensées diverses, in Lecky, II, 53 m.
2. Davidson, John, introd. to Montesquieu’s Persian Letters, xxi.
3. Ibid.
4. Hervey, Memoirs of the Court of George II, in introd. to Mandeville’s Fable of the Bees, x.
5. Besant, London, 152.
6. Camb. Mod. History, VI, 79.
7. Stephen, L., History of English Thought in the 18th Century, I, 217.
8. Thackeray, Four Georges, 34.
9. Lecky, II, 468.
10. Hume, D., essay «Of National Character.»
11. Besant, 153.
12. Lecky, I, 275–76, 303–4.
13. Trevelyan, G. M., England under the Stuarts, 342.
14. Robertson, J. M., History of Free-thought, II, 161; Lecky, I, 313.
15. Voltaire, XIXb, 218.
16. Voltaire, VIa, 288.
17. Woolston, Discourses, I, 34, in Stephen, History of English Thought, I, 232.
18. Bury, J. B., History of Freedom of Thought, 141; Voltaire, Philosophical Dictionary, article «Miracles,» in Works, VIa, 288–93; Robertson, J. M., Freethought, II, 157–59; Stephen, History of English Thought, I, 228–38.
19. Benn, A. W., History of English Rationalism in the 19th Century, I, 145.
20. Tindal, M., Christianity as Old as the Creation, 14, in Stephen, History, I, 139.
21. Stephen, I, 262; Robertson, II, 158.
22. In Stephen, I, 266.
23. Collins, J. C., Bolingbroke, 183.
24. Stephen, I, 178.
25. Torrey, N. L., Voltaire and the English Deists, 149.
26. In Hearnshaw, English Thinkers of the Augustan Age, 240.
27. Stephen, History, I, 180.
28. Collins, J. C., 180.
29. Goldsmith, O., Life of Bolingbroke, in Clark, B. H., Great Short Biographies, 1057.
30. In Stephen, I, 246.
31. Ibid., 345.
32. 349–52.
33. 356.
34. Enc. Brit., IV, 463b.
35. Mossner, Bishop Butler and the Age of Reason, 8.
36. Toynbee, Arnold J., Study of History, abridgment of Vols. I–VI by D. C. Somervell, 486.
37. Gibbon, Edward, Memoirs, 21.
38. Turberville, Johnson’s England, I, 33.
39. Inge, Christian Mysticism, 283.
40. Camb. Mod. History, VI, 81.
41. Gibbon, Memoirs, 22.
42. Bearne, Court Painter, 198.
43. Voltaire, essay «Epic Poetry.»
44. Besant, 149.
45. McConnell, F. J., John Wesley, 13.
46. Wesley, John, Journal, 94.
47. Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, XII, 724d.
48. Ibid., 725a.
49. McConnell, 47.
50. Lecky, II, 554.
51. Wesley, Journal, 43; Hastings, XII, 725d.
