Всемирный потоп - Адам Туз
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Спустя сто лет после начала Первой мировой войны йельский историк Адам Туз предлагает совершенно новый взгляд на неё, сосредоточивая внимание на заключительных годах конфликта и последствиях вплоть до Великой депрессии. В этот неспокойный период надежды на долгий мир и либеральный интернационализм столкнулись с насильственными потрясениями и возникновением тоталитарных режимов. Тогда же произошло рождение нового мирового порядка, в котором все крупные державы, как победившие, так и проигравшие в войне, вынуждены были связать свою судьбу с Соединёнными Штатами, ведущей экономической силой мира.
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Berg, Stresemann, p. 109; Maier, Recasting, p. 284.
1279
Feldman, Great Disorder, p. 450.
1280
Gökay, Clash of Empires, p. 119.
1281
J. C. Cairns, «A Nation of Shopkeepers in Search of a Suitable France: 1919–1940», The American Historical Review 79, no. 3 (June 1974), p. 720.
1282
M. Beloff, Imperial Sunset: Britain's Liberal Empire, 1897–1921 (London, 1969), vol. 2, p. 79–80.
1283
Z. Steiner, The Lights that Failed: European International History, 1919–1933 (Oxford, 2005), p. 113–120.
1284
J. R. Ferris, The Evolution of British Strategic Policy, 1919–1926 (Basingstoke, 1989), p. 120.
1285
Gökay, Clash of Empires, p. 164.
1286
D. P. Silverman, Reconstructing Europe after the Great War (Cambridge, MA, 1982), p. 179–180.
1287
R. Self, Britain, America and the War Debt Controversy: The Economic Diplomacy of an Unspecial Relationship, 1917–1941 (London, 2006), p. 36–54.
1288
B. D. Rhodes, «Reassessing «Uncle Shylock»: The United States and the French War Debt, 1917–1929», The Journal of American History 55, no. 4 (March 1969), p. 793.
1289
A. Turner, «Keynes, the Treasury and French War Debts in the 1920s», European History Quarterly 27 69974 p. 505.
1290
M. P. Leffler, The Elusive Quest: America's Pursuit of European Stability and French Security, 1919–1933 (Chapel Hill, NC, 1979), p. 69.
1291
Link, Stabilisierungspolitik, p. 175.
1292
B. Martin, France and the Après Guerre, 1918–1924: Illusions and Disillusionment (Baton Rouge, LA, 1999) p. 132–150.
1293
A.-M. Lauter, Sicherheit und Reparationen: die französische Öffentlichkeit, der Rhein und die Ruhr (1919–1923) (Essen, 2006), p. 292–301.
1294
Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States: Lansing Papers (Washington, DC, 1922), vol. 1, p. 557–558.
1295
W. Link, Die amerikanische Stabilisierungspolitik in Deutschland 1921–1932 (Düsseldorf, 1970), p. 122–147.
1296
S. A. Schuker, «Europe's Banker: The American Banking Community and European Reconstruction, 1918–1922», in M. Petricioli and M. Guderzo (eds), Une Occasion manquée 1922: la reconstruction de l'Europe (Frankfurt, 1995), p. 56.
1297
P. Liberman, Does Conquest Pay? The Exploitation of Occupied Industrial Societies (Princeton, NJ, 1996), p. 87–98.
1298
Martin, France, p. 156; The New York Times, «Clemenceau Feels So Sure of Success He's a «Boy» Again», 23 November 1922, p. 1–3.
1299
M. J. Pusey, Charles Evans Hughes (New York, 1951), vol. 2, p. 581–582.
1300
C. E. Hughes, The Pathway of Peace: Representative Addresses Delivered during his Termas Secretary of State (1921–1925) (New York, 1925), p. 57; Link, Stabilisierungspolitik, p. 168–174.
1301
W. I. Shorrock, «France and the Rise of Fascism in Italy, 1919–1923», Journal of Contemporary History 10 (1975), p. 591–610.
1302
Martin, France, p. 165.
1303
C. Fischer, The Ruhr Crisis, 1923–1924 (Oxford, 2003), p. 86–107.
1304
Ibid., p. 176.
1305
G. Krumeich and J. Schröder (eds), Der Schatten des Weltkrieges: Die Ruhrbesetzung, 1923 (Essen, 2004), p. 207–224.
1306
G. D. Feldman, The Great Disorder: Politics, Economics, and Society in the German Inflation, 1914–1924 (Oxford, 1993), p. 637–669; C. S. Maier, Recasting Bourgeois Europe: Stabilization in France, Germany, and Italy in the Decade after World War I (Princeton, NJ, 1975), p. 367–376.
1307
Feldman, Great Disorder, p. 705–766.
1308
P. Cohrs, The Unfinished Peace after World War I (Cambridge, 2006), p. 88; M. Leffler, The Elusive Quest: America's Pursuit of European Stability and French Security, 1919–1933 (Chapel Hill, NC, 1979), p. 86; B. Glad, Charles Evans Hughes and the Illusions of Innocence: A Study of American Diplomacy (Urbana, IL, 1966), p. 219–223.
1309
S. Adler, The Uncertain Giant, 1921–1941: American Foreign Policy Between the Wars (New York, 1965), p. 75.
1310
FRUS: Lansing Papers, 1923, vol. 2, p. 56.
1311
W. Louis, British Strategy in the Far East, 1919–1939 (Oxford, 1971), p. 104.
1312
M. Howard, The Continental Commitment: The Dilemma of British Defence Policy in the Era of the Two World Wars (London, 1972), p. 81–84.
1313
Link, Stabilisierungspolitik, p. 179–187.
1314
P. Yearwood, Guarantee of Peace: The League of Nations in British Policy, 1914–1925 (Oxford, 2009), p. 253.
1315
Ibid., p. 264–265.
1316
M. Berg, Gustav Stresemann und die Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika: weltwirtschaftliche Verflechtung und Revisionspolitik, 1907–1929 (Baden-Baden, 1990).
1317
Fischer, The Ruhr Crisis, p. 230.
1318
Martin, France, p. 188.
1319
H.-P. Schwarz, Konrad Adenauer: A German Politician and Statesman in a Period of War, Revolution, and Reconstruction (Oxford, 1995), vol. 1, p. 171–194.
1320
Feldman, Great Disorder, p. 768.
1321
R. Scheck, «Politics of Illusion: Tirpitz and Right-Wing Putschism, 1922–1924», German Studies Review 18 (1995), p. 29–49.
1322
A. Wirsching, Vom Weltkrieg
