Заблуждения толпы. Почему люди коллективно сходят с ума - Уильям Дж. Бернстайн

709. См.: Simon Romero, “In Another Big Bankruptcy, a Fiber Optic Venture Fails,” The New York Times, January 29, 2002.

710. Cм.: Timothy L. O’Brien, “A New Legal Chapter for a 90’s Flameout,” The New York Times, August 15, 2004.

711. См.: Steven Lipin et al., “Deals & Deal Makers: Bids & Offers,” The Wall Street Journal, December 10, 1999.

712. См.: Randall E. Stross, eBoys (New York: Crown Business, 2000), p. 30, 36.

713. См.: Linda Himmelstein, “Can You Sell Groceries Like Books?” Bloomberg News, July 25,1999, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/1999–07–25/can-you– sell-groceries-like-books, дата обращения 26.10.2016.

714. См.: Mary Dejevsky, “Totally Bananas,” The Independent, November 9, 1999.

715. См.: William Aspray et al., Food in the Internet Age (New York: Springer Science & Business Media, 2013), 25–35; и Mylene Mangalindan, “Webvan Shuts Down Operations, Will Seek Chapter 11 Protection,” The Wall Street Journal, July 10,2001.

716. См.: Mangalindan, ibid.; and John Cook and Mami Left, “Webvan is gone, but HomeGrocer.com may return,” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, July 9, 2001.

717. См.: Bethany McLean and Peter Eklind, The Smartest Guys in the Room (New York: Penguin Group, 2003).

718. Ibid., p. 4–13.

719. См.: Alexi Barrionuevo, “Did Ken Lay Demonstrate Credibility?” The New York Times, May 3,2006. О доходах Лэя: Thomas S. Mulligan and Nancy Rivera Brooks, “Enron Paid Senior Execs Millions,” Los Angeles Times, June 28, 2002.

720. Cм.: David Yermack, “Flights of fancy: Corporate jets, CEO perquisites, and inferior shareholder returns,” Journal of Financial Economics Vol. 80, No. 1 (April 2006): p. 211–242.

721. См.: McLean and Elkind, p. 89–90, 97–98, 338; и Robert Bryce, “Flying High,” Boston Globe Magazine, September 29, 2002.

722. Там же, p. 89–90, 97–98; и Bryce.

723. См.: Elkind and McLean, p. 225.

724. Там же, p. 28–33.

725. Там же, p. 183, 184–185, 254.

726. См.: John R. Emshwiller and Rebecca Smith, “Murky Waters: A Primer On the Enron Partnerships,” The Wall Street Journal, January 21, 2001.

727. См.: Cassel Bryan-Low and Suzanne McGee, “Enron Short Seller Detected Red Flags in Regulatory Filings,” The Wall Street Journal, November 5, 2001.

728. См.: Elkind and McLean, p. 405.

729. См.: Chris Axtman, “How Enron awards do, or don’t, trickle down,” Christian Science Monitor, June 20, 2005.

730. Cм.: Rebecca Smith, “New SEC Filing Aids Case Against Enron,” The Wall Street Journal, May 15, 2003; Ellen E. Schultz, “Enron Employees’ Massive Losses Suddenly Highlight ‘Lockdowns,’” The Wall Street Journal, January 16, 2002; и Elkind and McLean, p. 297–398.

731. См.: Lowenstein, p. 58–60.

732. См.: Clark, 12–15, 19; Joshua Quittner and Michelle Slatalla, Speeding the Net (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1998), p. 242–248.

733. См.: Richard Karlgaard, “The Ghost of Netscape,” The Wall Street Journal, August 9, 2005, A10.

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734. См.: Edward Wyatt, “Fox to Begin a ‘More Business Friendly’ News Channel,” The New York Times, February 9, 2007.

735. См.: Peter Elkind et al., “The Trouble With Frank Quattrone was the top investment banker in Silicon Valley. Now his firm is exhibit A in a probe of shady IPO deals,” Fortune, September 3, 2001, http://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2001/09/03/309270/index.htm, дата обращения 17.11.2016.

736. См.: McLean and Elkind, p. 234.

737. См.: John Schwartz, “Enron’s Collapse: The Analyst: Man Who Doubted Enron Enjoys New Recognition,” The New York Times, January 21, 2002.

738. Там же.

739. См.: Richard A. Oppel, Jr., “Merrill Replaced Research Analyst Who Upset Enron,” The New York Times, July 30, 2002.

740. Cм.: Howard Kurtz, The Fortune Tellers (New York: The Free Press, 2000), p. 32.

741. См.: Scott Tong, “Father of modem 401(k) says it fails many Americans,” http://www.marketplace.org/2013/06/13/sustainability/consumed/father-modem‐40lk-says-it-fails-many-americans, дата обращения 01.11.2016.

742. См.: Jeremy Olsham, “The inventor of the 401(k) says he created a ‘monster,’ ” http://www.marketwatch.com/story/the-inventor-of-the‐401k-says-he-created-a-monster‐2016–05–16; и Nick Thornton, “Total retirement assets near $25 trillion mark,” http://www.benefitspro.com/2015/06/30/total-retirement-assets-near‐25-trillion-mark, дата обращения 11.11.2016.

743. Свежий отчет с данными о разрыве между доходностью пенсионных планов и банковскими процентами: https://www.momingstar.com/lp/mind-the-gap?cid=CON_RES0022; в среднем инвесторы теряют около 1 процента доходов ежегодно из-за ошибочного «хронометража», а фонды тоже в среднем теряют такую же сумму.

744. См.: Aaron Heresco, Shaping the Market: CNBC and the Discourses of Financialization (Ph.D. thesis, Pennsylvania State University, 2014), p. 81.

745. См.: Gabriel Sherman, The Loudest Voice in the Room (New York: Random House, 2014), p. 5–9.

746. См.: Joe McGinnis, The Selling of the President, 1968 (New York: Trident Press, 1969), p. 64–65.

747. См.: Cassidy, p. 166.

748. См.: Sherman, p. 146–147.

749. См.: Heresco, 88–115; и Mahar, p. 156–157.

750. Cм.: Heresco, p. 151–152.

751. См.: Ekaterina V. Kamiouchina et al., “Impact of Mad Money Stock Recommendations: Merging Financial and Marketing Perspectives,” Journal of Marketing Vol. 73 (November 2009): 244–266; и J. Felix Meshcke, “CEO Appearances on CNBC,” доклад, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.203.566&rep=repl&type=pdf, дата обращения 12.11.2016; о Крамере и Бартиромо: Kurtz, p. 207.

752. См.: Kurtz, p. 117–118.

753. См.: Heresco, p 232.

754. См.: James K. Glassman, “Is Government Strangling the New Economy?” The Wall Street Journal, April 6, 2000. (Отмечу, что газета опубликовала и открытое письмо автора этих строк в ответ на статью мистера Глассмана, “The Market Villain: It’s Not Your Uncle,” April 19, 2000.)

755. См.: George Gilder, “The Faith of a Futurist,” The Wall Street Journal, January 1, 2000.

756. См.: Shane Frederick, “Cognitive Reflection and Decision Making,” Journal of Economic Perspectives Vol. 19, No. 4 (Fall 2005): 25–42. О задаче с четырьмя карточками: P. C. Wason, “Reasoning,” in B. M. Foss, Ed., New Horizons in Psychology (New York: Penguin, 1966), p. 145–146.

757. См.: David L. Hull, Science and Selection (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001), p. 37.

758. См.: Keith E. Stanovich et al., The Rationality Quotient (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2016), p. 25–27. Обширная выборка вопросов и результатов: там же, 331–368. Quote from Keith E. Stanovich, “The Comprehensive Assessment of Rational Thinking,” Educational Psychologist Vol. 51, No. 1 (February 2016): p. 30–31.

759. См.: R. B. Zajonc, “Feeling and Thinking,” American Psychologist Yo.