Эпоха пропаганды - Эллиот Аронсон

Third Reich. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Herzstein, R. E. (1978). The war that Hitler won. New York: Paragon House; Lipstadt, D. E. (1986). Beyond belief. New York: Free Press; Rhodes, A. (1987). Propaganda: The art of persuasion: World War II. Secaucus, NJ: Wellfleet; Rutherford, W. (1978). Hitler’s propaganda machine. London: Bison; Welch, D. (1983). Nazi propaganda. Beckenham, UK: Croom Helm; Young, J, W. (1991). Totalitarian language. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press; Zeman, Z. A. B. (1964). Nazi propaganda. London: Oxford University Press.

349

Hitler (1925), p. 178, см. прим. 1

350

Hitler (1925), pp. 180–181, см. прим. 1.

351

Bergmeier, H. J. P., & Lotz, R. E. (1997). Hitler’s airwaves: The inside story of Nazi radio broadcasting and propaganda swing. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Этот анализ нацистского использования развлечений как пропаганды также содержится в записи на компакт-диске с нацистской антисоюзнической пропагандой посредством музыки.

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Poliakov, L. (1971). The Aryan myth. New York: Barnes & Noble.

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Corcoran, J. (1995). Bitter harvest. New York: Penguin; Dees, M. (1996). Gathering storm. New York: HarperCollins; Ezekiel, R. S. (1995). The racist mind. New York: Viking.

354

Цит. по Rhodes (1987), p. 13, см. прим. 3.

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Bronowski, J. (1973). The ascent of man. Boston: Little, Brown.

356

Hider (1925), pp. 182–183, см. прим. 1.

357

Цит. по Rhodes (1987), p. 90, см. прим. 3.

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Davidson, W. P. (1983). The third-person effect in communication. Public Opinion Quarterly, 47, 1-15Объяснение психологических процессов, лежащих в основе этого эффекта, см.: Duck, J. M., Hogg, M. A., & Terry, D. J. (1995). Me, us, and them: Political identification and the third-person effect in the 1993 Australian federal election. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 195–215; Duck, J. M., Terry, D. J., & Hogg, M. A. (1995). The perceived influence of AIDS advertising: Third-person effects in the context of positive media content. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 17, 305–325; Hoorens, V, & Ruiter, S. (1996). The optimal impact phenomenon: Beyond the third-person effect. European Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 599–610.

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Liebert, R. M., & Sprafkin, J. (1988). The early window. New York: Pergamon. See also Macklin, M. C, & Carlson, L. (Eds.). (1999). Advertising to children. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

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Teinowitz, I. (1996, August 26). “Historic” attack on cig marketing. Advertising Age, pp. 1, 28.

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Обзор см.: Cialdini, R. B., & Petty, R. E. (1981). Anticipatory opinion effects. In R. E. Petty, T. M. Ostrom, & T. C. Brock (Eds.), Cognitive responses in persuasion (pp. 217–235). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

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Freedman, J. L., & Sears, D. O. (1965). Warning, distraction, and resistance to influence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1, 262–266.

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Cialdini, R. B., Levy, A., Herman, C. P., & Evenbeck, S. (1973). Attitudinal politics: The strategy of moderation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 25, 100–108; Cialdini, R. B., Levy, A., Herman, C. P., Kozlowski, L. T., & Petty, R. E. (1976). Elastic shifts of opinion: Determinants of direction and durability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 663–672.

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Watts, W. A., & Holt, L. E. (1979). Persistence of opinion change induced under conditions of forewarning and distraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 778–789.

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Butterfield, S. (1985). Amway: The cult of free enterprise. Boston: South End Press, p. 11.

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Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1979). Effect of forewarning of persuasive intent and involvement on cognitive responses and persuasion. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 5, 173–176.

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Williams, K. D., Bourgeois, M. J., & Croyle, R. T. (1993). The effects of stealing thunder in criminal and civil trials. Law and Human Behavior, 17, 597–609.

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Spence, G. (1995). How to argue and win every time. New York: St. Martin’s, p. 131.

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Bugliosi, V. (1996). Outrage: The five reasons why O. J. Simpson got away with murder. New York: Norton, p. 117.

370

Ross, S. (1988). Fall from grace. New York: Ballantine.

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McGuire, W. J., & Papageorgis, D. (1961). The relative efficacy of various types of prior belief-defense in producing immunity against persuasion. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 62, 327–337. См. также: McGuire, W. J. (1964). Inducing resistance to change: Some contemporary approaches. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 191–229). New York: Academic Press.

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Обсуждение использования прививки в политике см.: Pfau, M., & Kenski, H. C. (1990). Attack politics. New York: Praeger; Pratkanis, A. R. (1993). Propaganda and persuasion in the 1992 U.S. presidential election: What are the implications for a democracy? Current World Leaders, 35, 341–362.

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McAlister, A., Perry, C., Killen, J., Slinkard, L. A., & Maccoby, N. (1980). Pilot study of smoking, alcohol and drug abuse prevention. American Journal of Public Health, 70, 719–721.

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Pryor, B., & Steinfatt, T. (1978). The effects of initial belief level on inoculation theory and its proposed mechanisms. Human Communications Research, 4, 217–230.

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Дополнительные рекомендации о способах нейтрализации пропаганды можно найти в: Anderson, S., & Zimbardo, P. G. (1984). On resisting social influence. Cultic Studies Journal, 1, 196–219; Bogart, L. (1995). Commercial