Упадок и подъем демократии: Глобальная история от античности до наших дней - Дэвид Стасавидж
Упадок и подъем демократии: Глобальная история от античности до наших дней читать книгу онлайн
Исторические описания становления демократии, как правило, сосредоточены на Древней Греции и Европе до эпохи Возрождения. Книга «Упадок и расцвет демократии» опирается на мировые данные, демонстрируя, что история гораздо богаче — демократические практики присутствовали во многих местах и во многие времена. Дэвид Стасавидж доказывает, что понимание того, как и где эти демократии процветали, а также когда и почему они пришли в упадок, может дать важнейшую информацию не только об истории управления, но и о том, как работают современные демократии и где они могут проявиться в будущем.
Опираясь на примеры, охватывающие несколько тысячелетий, Стасавидж сначала рассматривает, почему государства развивали либо демократический, либо автократический стили управления, и утверждает, что ранняя демократия, как правило, развивалась в небольших территориях со слабым государством и, как ни странно, простыми технологиями. Когда центральные государственные институты (например, налоговая бюрократия) отсутствовали — как в средневековой Европе — правителям требовалось согласие населения для управления. Когда центральные институты были сильны, как в Китае или на Ближнем Востоке, согласие было менее необходимым, а автократия более вероятной. Затем он исследует переход от ранней к современной демократии, который впервые сформировался в Англии, а затем в Соединённых Штатах, иллюстрируя, что современная демократия возникла как попытка объединить народный контроль с сильным государством на обширной территории.
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